Franck, James

James Franck
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Name	Franck, James Gender: M
born on	26 August 1882 at 22:15 (= 10:15 PM )
Place	Hamburg, Germany, 53n33, 9e59
Timezone	LMT m9e59 (is local mean time)
Data source	BC/BR in hand Rodden Rating AA Collector: Scholfield
Astrology data	03°30' 05°20 Asc. 14°17'

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James Franck

Biography

German-born American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1925 with Gustav Hertz for research on the excitation and ionization of atoms by electron bombardment that verified the quantized nature of energy transfer.

Franck studied at the universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, received his doctorate from the latter in 1906, and served in the German army during World War I. He and Hertz performed their prizewinning work at the University of Berlin in 1912–14. They bombarded mercury atoms with electrons and traced the energy changes that resulted from the collisions. They found that electrons with insufficient velocity simply bounced off the mercury atoms, but that an electron with a higher velocity lost precisely 4.9 electronvolts of energy to an atom. If the electron had more than 4.9 volts of energy, the mercury atom still absorbed only that amount. The Franck-Hertz experiment gave proof of Niels Bohr’s theory that an atom can absorb internal energy only in precise and definite amounts, or quanta.

Franck was appointed professor of physics at the University of Göttingen in 1920. In protest against Nazi policies he resigned his post and went to Denmark (1933). Arriving in the United States in 1935, Franck was appointed professor at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and in 1938 became professor of physical chemistry at the University of Chicago.

Franck’s researches in the fields of photochemistry and atomic physics included determinations from molecular band spectra of the energy involved in the dissociation of molecules. During World War II he worked on the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb. Franck became a leader of those scientists in the Manhattan Project who sought to stop the bomb’s use against Japan; they instead suggested that the bomb be exploded in an unpopulated area to demonstrate its power to the Japanese government.

Franck died of a heart attack at the age of 81 on 21 May 1964.

Link to Wikipedia biography

Relationships

• associate relationship with Westphal, Wilhelm (born 3 March 1882). Notes: Co-authors

• friend relationship with Born, Max (born 11 December 1882)

• friend relationship with Hertz, Gustav (born 22 July 1887)

• friend relationship with Pohl, Robert (born 10 August 1884)

• friend relationship with Pringsheim, Peter (born 19 March 1881)

• (has as) student relationship with Hippel, Arthur R. von (born 19 November 1898)

• (has as) student relationship with Kopfermann, Hans (born 26 April 1895)

• (has as) student relationship with Kuhn, Heinrich Gerhard (born 10 March 1904)

• (has as) student relationship with Puck, Theodore (born 24 September 1916)

Events

• Work : Prize 10 December 1925 (Nobel Prize)
  chart Placidus Equal_H.

• Death by Heart Attack 21 May 1964 (Age 81)
  chart Placidus Equal_H.

Source Notes

Sy Scholfield provided birth record from Hamburg State Archives.

Previously Starkman rectified it to 13.04.48 LMT.

Categories

• Diagnoses : Major Diseases : Heart disease/attack

• Personal : Death : Long life more than 80 yrs (Age 81)

• Vocation : Science : Physics

• Notable : Awards : Nobel prize

• Notable : Famous : Founder/ originator (Franck–Condon principle)

• Notable : Famous : Top 5% of Profession