Transits of Mars

Transits to Mercury

The combined energy of transiting Mars with natal Mercury has two distinctly different manifestations. This is because Mars has a high side and a low side. The high side is the willingness to protect, defend and pursue one’s own personal excellence, while the low side involves ego drives that go on the offensive, starting arguments and trying to win conflicts whether or not it is right to do so.

Mercury, on the other hand, is meant to be the flawless transmitter of information. One archetypal Mercury figure is the medieval herald. A herald would take a message from the king or other powerful personage, memorize it verbatim, travel to the intended recipient, and then recite the message word for word, prefacing it with something like “Thus spake my lord, the king.”

In the modern world, Mercury signifies all forms of communication and, tellingly, we refer to perfect sound reproduction as “high fidelity” — fidelity being Mercury’s essential quality here.

When Mars interacts badly with Mercury, the fidelity of the message is corrupted by Mars’s egoistic energies. From this comes intentional deceit, also known as lying. Unfortunately, Mercury can do this rather well because Mercury has no ethical or moral position other than transmitting the energy it receives faithfully. This is why Mercury’s astrological energy often signifies the mythical trickster. It is not up to Mercury to make the message true, only clear. The low Mars guarantees that the content will be distorted by egotism. Short of outright lying, ego drives can also operate when a message becomes so complex and convoluted that any recipient can interpret it in various ways, making a correct response difficult. The negative image of the legal profession arises partly from this: the point is to win by whatever means necessary — usually not outright lying, but using the kind of skills seen on debating teams. A successful defense attorney measures success by the number of clients defended, not by how many were actually innocent. A successful prosecutor measures success by the number of convictions. While technically obliged to seek the truth before making their case, political considerations often make them more interested in winning than in finding the truth.

Of course, the combination of natal Mars and natal Mercury may truthfully signify that the sender is very angry, so a common signification of Mars transits to Mercury is angry discourse and verbal conflict.

As for Mercury combined with high Mars, this indicates having to engage in conflict through the mind. Here the mind’s content, as it seeks to express truth, takes over the combination and Mars’s energy is subordinated to truthful communication. Returning to our herald analogy, this is the king’s herald delivering a declaration of war, particularly if it is a just war — or on a less elevated level, a just conflict where a principle is at stake. Returning to attorneys, a defense lawyer who vigorously defends an innocent client exemplifies Mercury combined with high Mars, as does a prosecutor who prosecutes someone the prosecutor is quite certain is guilty. In any given case one of them may be wrong, but if both sides make an honest effort to reach the truth, both manifest the high Mars-Mercury combination.

Transits to Venus

In many ways the energies of these two planets are opposite, yet they are opposite in ways that can also be complementary. Medieval astrologers held that Mars was primarily composed of the Hot and the Dry, and Venus of the Cold and the Wet, two pairs of opposite qualities. Ptolemy, who first introduced this method of classifying planetary energies, maintained that Venus was composed of the Hot in moderation and the Wet. From this point of view, they are not precisely opposites. I have argued elsewhere that whether Venus is composed of the Hot or the Cold depends on the frame of reference. In some environments, Venus’s energy genuinely cools, whereas in others it warms. In that discussion I stated that Venus is primarily of the nature of the Wet and is either neutral regarding the Hot and the Cold or capable of moving back and forth between them.

From a practical point of view, we can continue with the idea that in some ways the energies of these two planets are antagonistic and in others complementary. They are complementary as follows: as the glyph of Mars (t) is used in modern times to represent the male sex, the glyph of Venus (r) represents the female sex. This is not merely symbolic. The sexuality of the two sexes is indeed differentiated, with male sexuality aligned with the nature of Mars and female sexuality with that of Venus. Notice that I did not say “men and women.” The two types of sexuality are not completely identified with the two sexes. In same-sex relationships, for example, one partner usually plays a role according to masculine sexuality and the other according to feminine sexuality. So even though the partners’ biological sex is the same, their psycho-sexuality is different.4

One result is that the combination of these two energies can indicate the arousal of intense sexual passion and love, as well as conflict. This depends more on the levels at which Mars and Venus are expressed. Low Mars combined with low Venus can indicate either a purely physical attraction or possible conflict. High Mars combined with low Venus is more likely to indicate intense physical attraction. Low Mars combined with high Venus is more likely to indicate conflict. Finally, high Mars combined with high Venus produces complete love combined with strong physical passion.

These transits can also indicate external phenomena that represent the energies of Venus and Mars without being particularly sexual. For example, Mars signifies the element iron and Venus signifies copper, so the combination can indicate objects made of both. Note that iron typically produces a reddish oxide (Mars), and copper typically produces a bluish green oxide (Venus). Also, Mars has everything to do with tools and weapons of war, traditionally made from iron or steel, whereas copper is too soft to be used as a weapon unless mixed with tin to produce bronze. (Tin is signified by Jupiter.)

Transits to the Sun

Mars and the Sun are both traditionally described as planets composed of the Hot and the Dry. The difference is that the Sun has more of the Hot and Mars has more of the Dry. In other words, the ratio differs. Also, in traditional astrology the Sun is usually regarded as having the two qualities in a temperate ratio. In the case of Mars, the Hot is extreme. It should be obvious that combinations between these two planets, as well as Mars by itself, can easily result in an excess of the Hot and the Dry. Remember, the Hot increases energy levels and can easily do so to extremes here. The Dry increases the tendency of things to be separate, distinct and isolated. One reason why Mars’s energy tends to be egoistic is that ego-consciousness inherently stresses the distinction between Self and Other.

A major difference between the energy of the Sun and that of Mars is that the Sun as an archetype operates reasonably well at all three levels — personal, interpersonal and transcendent — but it is at its best at the transcendent level. It is also better at the interpersonal level than at the personal level. At the personal level, the Sun’s energy can be just as egotistical as that of Mars. At the interpersonal level, the combination can represent a person capable of leadership, following a clear objective with the collective good in mind. This is the archetype of the noble king or queen leading the people. The highest level of the Sun is the archetype of consciousness itself, the light of day being a physical representation of the light of universal consciousness. The Sun was known in Greco-Roman mythology as Apollo — though not entirely the Apollo of popular mythology. Apollo, as he was known in later Greco-Roman religion, signified the transmission of awareness and spiritual consciousness into this world. Apollo was also the god of poetry and music because these were regarded as divine in origin. At this level, the Sun’s energy can combine quite well with the energy of transiting Mars.

In more practical terms, the challenge of Mars transiting the natal Sun is to prevent egoistic forces from creating disputes and conflict. This arises when individuals enter disputes solely with the aim of winning and conquering. Of course, some degree of this energy is necessary because you must have enough ego-energy to withstand others who would try to take control of your life.

On the physical level, the energy of both planets has much to do with basic vitality. It is impossible to pursue any kind of intentional purpose without these two planetary energies functioning — preferably together.

Transits to Mars

The transit of Mars to the natal Mars creates a two-year cycle. Its critical points are roughly six months, one year and eighteen months after the conjunction. These dates are variable because of Mars’s irregular motion relative to Earth. Since this is a planet transiting its own natal position, the energies experienced are very pure: the Hot and the Dry. You might think this always results in an excess of those qualities — that every time Mars transits natal Mars your energy would be so high as to verge on violence, and your interest in cooperation would be nearly zero. Fortunately, that is not usually the case. Depending on the natal position of Mars, the two-year cycle of Mars conjunct natal Mars marks the beginning, culmination and ending of a cycle in which something is initiated that requires much energy and personal confidence. Six months later, what begins now is tested by circumstances, usually symbolized by other transits at the time. A year after the conjunction, the opposition brings a final test of the strength and solidity of whatever was started. If that test is successful, what was begun acquires a definite purpose — to fulfill the mission of the original initiative. At the eighteen-month point that purpose is tested in turn. In the last ninety degrees of the transit cycle, the original purpose signified by the conjunction comes to fruition. Each of these critical periods is characterized by considerable striving and possibly conflict. If the conflict is gratuitous and driven solely by ego drives, then at the 90°, 180° or 270° transits the entire enterprise may collapse. While it is true that Mars commonly represents ego drives, and that such drives can be completely out of control, such problems are neither necessary nor inevitable. It depends on everyone’s willingness to use their own Mars energy for the greater good rather than merely for personal advantage. This is the challenge of the Mars-Mars cycle in the birth chart.

Finally, there are other manifestations that may arise along the way, such as illnesses and accidents. There is nothing glib to be said about what “causes” these. The possibilities are numerous: acting with such force and energy that you wear yourself out, or acting impetuously and without caution such that you have accidents. These are not inevitable. They result from using Mars energy unconsciously and without understanding.

Transits to Jupiter

While no Mars transit is completely easy, the combination of transiting Mars with natal Jupiter is one of the easier ones. Mars is of the Hot and the Dry, with the Dry usually intemperate. Jupiter also possesses the Hot, but in a temperate manner, and is otherwise of the Wet. So the Wet of Jupiter brings the Dry of Mars closer to balance. This leaves the Hot largely unimpeded. For the most part the result is positive. However, because both planets contain the Hot, the combination can become excessively hot. The result can be a feeling of confidence so high and positive that it is easy to do something foolish, born of the mistaken belief that you can do no wrong. Of course, you are still perfectly capable of making mistakes. Yet with a little effort it is easy to moderate the Hot, resulting in an energy that is extraordinarily useful in both the short and long term. People often describe this energy as “lucky.” It is not luck. What appears to be luck is really an understanding — not always conscious — and a feeling that the time is right to act. Your sense of timing is reliable if it emerges within you spontaneously, even when you do not feel confident, although usually you will. It is a little less reliable if, going into this period, you have been operating at such a high level of enthusiasm that any more could become excessive.

So, the chief result of this combination is a high level of self-confidence and an intuitive sense of timing. However, the Wet of Jupiter is never entirely neutralized by the Dry of Mars. The result is that, while Mars by itself can be destructive and lead to breaking things down, Jupiter in combination with Mars can bring previously separate and even antagonistic elements together into a system.

Another effect of this combination is that Mars’s energy is more likely to operate at its highest level when combined with Jupiter than when combined with any other planetary energy. In traditional astrology, this combination is associated with military leaders — particularly those who protect and defend rather than attack.

This energy is also extraordinarily useful for all forms of physical activity, whether in the service of work, play or creativity of any kind. It is often associated with athletic ability and performance, and with good sportsmanship.

Transits to Saturn

Mars is an interpersonal planet that is often degraded in people’s behavior to the level of a personal planet, hence its reputation for difficulty. Remember that Mars’s energy consists of the Hot and the Dry, with the Dry predominating and excessive. In ordinary language, Mars tends to break things up and dissolve connections. Psychologically, the negative Mars stresses your own needs and ego drives at the expense of others’ well-being if you perceive that as necessary. Saturn consists of the Cold and the Dry, with the Cold excessive.

There is a tendency for the heat of Mars to cancel some of Saturn’s frigidity, but not perfectly. The Cold in Saturn is stronger than the Hot in Mars. The dryness of the two combines to produce excessive Dry. Saturn cools down Mars’s high energy, but increases its dryness, so this combination is more separative and destructive of relationships than any other pairing of two planetary energies. More concretely, Saturn tends to block Mars’s tendency to raise energy levels, yet it may increase Mars’s egoistic tendencies. Unfortunately, the Cold of Saturn and the Hot of Mars do not simply cancel each other; they can coexist. This creates a sensation of blocked energy, frustration, and often covert bitterness and anger. The anger is kept hidden until finally the hot energy of Mars can no longer be blocked, and Saturn’s energy channels it irresistibly along certain lines.

This is why this combination is traditionally considered one of the most difficult in astrology. However, as with all “difficult” combinations, it does have a high side. Everything described above assumes that both planets are operating at their lower levels — Mars at the personal level and Saturn at the interpersonal level. Both energies have higher manifestations. When they manifest there, they can operate creatively, although this combination is never easy to handle. At its highest level Saturn gives the desire to retreat from ordinary reality to experience reality as it is, rather than as mediated by social convention. Combined with Mars, this relates not so much to the “protect and defend” energy but to Mars’s search for excellence.

Combined with Saturn, this is not a “personal” excellence but a transpersonal one — a desire to be perfectly controlled in the pursuit of spiritual truth. This gives rise to the spiritual hermit living in a cave with almost no comforts, little food and only water. It is a combination that tends toward asceticism. On a more mundane level, yet still exhibiting the high sides of both planets, it produces intense discipline in the pursuit of any goal. Emotions are not allowed (emotions being wet); only rational logic dictates what one does. Even at these high levels, this combination is not what conventional astrology calls “benefic.” But it can be extraordinarily constructive so long as the goal is positive — which requires the near-complete suppression of the egoistic elements in both Mars and Saturn.

Transits to Uranus

The important thing to understand about these two planetary energies is that they have much in common and therefore reinforce each other, but there is an extremely important fundamental difference. Because Uranus is not one of the traditional seven planets, it was never assigned any of the four qualities — the Hot, the Cold, the Wet and the Dry. However, it is easy to infer which qualities Uranus would have been given had it been a traditional planet. Uranus is clearly of the Hot and the Dry: it increases energy levels (Hot) and tends to break and separate (Dry), like Mars. So these two planets strongly reinforce each other in many respects. The chief difference is that when Uranus operates at its proper level — the transcendent — it has absolutely no connection with egoistic energies. In fact, it is so impersonal and unrelated to what we normally conceive of as an individual that it obliterates egoistic energy. What makes this combination sometimes difficult is that Mars can pull Uranus down to operate at the personal level. When that happens, the combined energy may be destructive.

With Mars, only the Dry is excessive and unbalanced; the Hot is temperate. With Uranus, when experienced at the personal level, both qualities tend to be excessive and unbalanced. Uranus acts suddenly and without warning. It operates outside normal conventional reality systems and is associated with things that are non-ordinary, unusual and even deviant. Put these energies together and you get a range from the highest level — an explosive, sudden, complete change that allows and requires fundamental transformation — to the lowest level — a rebel who uses rebellion as an excuse to disrupt everything normal purely for ego gratification. Of course, there is also the rebel who is willing to do whatever is necessary to disrupt a social system that has become oppressive, predatory and corrupt. That kind of rebel is another story altogether and represents Mars-Uranus operating at the highest level.

The transpersonal quality of Uranus often becomes an impersonal one. This part of Uranus has no feeling, emotion, empathy or compassion. It is simply an impersonal force of nature that expresses itself without regard to human considerations. The negative Mars-Uranus manifestation may consist of tremendous ego drives with no compassion for the consequences or for those who are hurt. The most positive manifestation results in elevating Mars from low to high. Then the disruption indicated by this energy is, ideally, the necessary breaking down of things before they can be built anew as a new social order. Fortunately, in Mars transits to natal Uranus it seldom reaches this level of drama. Unfortunately, it often manifests as disruptions and sudden changes that, however drastic, serve an individual’s or group’s egoistic ends.

One more point regarding Mars transits to natal Uranus: Uranus is a transcendental energy. Its manifestations in an individual’s chart are not necessarily strong as they relate to that individual. For it to manifest in a more individual way, Uranus must be strong in the natal chart. This can be signified in any of the following ways: Uranus on an angle (conjunct the Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant or I.C.); Uranus having many close aspects to several traditional planets; or Uranus in close aspect to the Sun or Moon.

Transits to Neptune

This is one of the most difficult groups of Mars transits. The difficulty does not arise from the combination of energies themselves, but from the way most people handle Mars’s energies. Mars functioning at the purely personal level is egoistic, aggressive and concerned with power and control. Neptune’s energies are completely contrary to all of this, so the most common effect of the combination is futility in action, feelings of inadequacy and lack of confidence, very low physical and mental energy, and a general sense that whatever you want to do is going to fail. However, Mars operating at the interpersonal level is altruistic and more concerned with benefit for all than with self-benefit. Neptune has many attributes, among them a high level of altruism coupled with a willingness to make sacrifices either for the common good or for spiritual progress. The trick in dealing with all Mars-Neptune combinations is to use the energy for something that transcends the individual ego. Understand this: Neptune is ruthlessly anti-ego. Mars can transcend the purely personal aspects of the ego. When the transits combine Neptune’s non-ego qualities with a transcendent aspect of Mars, the result is not only successful but beautiful to behold.

There is one pitfall even with this higher aspect of the mixture. Mars’s egoistic tendencies can sneak back in and poison the combination, turning it into fanaticism. This is not a failure of the combination itself, but an illustration of how covertly egoistic energies can poison things.

A general note on all the following descriptions: Neptune is a very slow-moving planet. Therefore, the position of your natal Neptune will be very close to that of everyone else born around the same time you were born. When Mars transits Neptune, the energy may not be felt in your personal life. It is more likely to be felt in the community of all the people around you who are roughly your age. In other words, it is felt collectively rather than individually. However, if your natal Neptune is somewhere near the angles (the Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant or I. C.), or it makes a powerful aspect to the Sun, Moon or any planet that is itself near one of the angles, you may feel the energy more personally.

Transits to Pluto

Pluto represents an energy that transforms and changes things, not suddenly but gradually over time, building up powerful forces in the process. It often requires letting go of what is superfluous and unnecessary. The difficulty with Pluto’s energy is that it works against our tendency toward preferences and attachments. For example, we maintain relationships we are attached to even when they benefit neither you nor the other party. We cling to goals we have set for ourselves — or that others have set for us — that we feel must be accomplished despite all evidence to the contrary. We are in one set of situations while desiring another. And even when we seem content and happy where we are, forces may interfere with that apparent happiness and push us toward something completely different. Usually, our first reaction is to dig in and try to stop the change. But whenever change is driven by Pluto, our resistance is unlikely to be effective. From another point of view, such resistance is not only ineffective but also blinds us to the possibility that the transformations we need can lead to a better place if we are willing to let go of our old ways.

Plutonian energy is completely transcendental. One of its highest manifestations is the transformation that occurs within someone moving toward greater wisdom or even enlightenment. Such people let go of the desire-nature that previously prevented them from following the path. The transformational energies associated with Pluto are not the product of human will, whether that will is expressed individually or collectively. In this way Pluto’s energy completely transcends the ego.

Add Mars to this, and problems may arise. Mars typically represents egoistic energies, even though ultimately that is not what Mars is meant to be. When Mars’s egoism combines with Pluto’s relentless supra-personal energy, the results can be extraordinarily difficult. At its worst, the Mars-Pluto combination represents the megalomaniac — the ruthless seeker after power who lets nothing and no one stand in the way. As we know from history, such lives are so destructive that the kindest thing that can be said is that they may pave the way for necessary historical transformations.

The Mars Pluto combinations described here are short-term transits. Therefore, they are unlikely to bring about the kind of devastating problems more commonly seen when Pluto transits natal Mars. Your task, even with Mars transits to Pluto, is to make sure that whatever you are working so hard to accomplish is worth accomplishing — not just for yourself but for many others. This is an excellent energy under which to accomplish heroic tasks and to resist forces and elements in society that attempt to harm people. Just be certain you are not among those doing the harm. You may get away with it briefly, but ultimately the price will be paid somehow, somewhere, sometime.

A general note on all the following descriptions: Pluto is a very slow-moving planet. Therefore, the position of your natal Pluto will be very close to that of everyone else born around the same time you were born. When Mars transits Pluto, the energy may not be felt in your personal life. It is more likely to be felt in the community of all the people around you who are roughly your age. In other words, it is felt collectively rather than individually. However, if your natal Pluto is somewhere near the angles (the Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant or I. C.), or it makes a powerful aspect to the Sun, Moon or any planet that is itself near one of the angles, you may feel the energy more personally.

Transits to Chiron

The energy of Mars is generally considered to be composed of the Hot and the Dry, both intemperate — that is, these qualities tend to act in ways that result in imbalance and breakdown rather than combination and growth. This is the traditional view. However, it states a tendency, not an inevitability. For example, Mars represents physical energy, especially muscular activity. In the body, the Hot of Mars most of the time works in a balanced way that supports the integrated function of the entire muscular system. The Hot of Mars works intemperately only when it manifests as fevers, inflammations and injuries, especially those resulting from reckless activity. Insofar as Mars’s Hot works intemperately, it supports the disruptive, dis-integrating and traumatic side of Chiron — in other words, “wounding.”

For Chiron and Mars to work well together, Mars’s heat must be tempered so that it promotes growth and shared activity rather than destruction and disintegration arising from egotistical impulses within groups. A successful athletic team is one in which all members contribute in their own ways to the energy of the whole, expending effort to the degree needed to make the team function properly. Here we see the balance. We even see this in sports where one individual competes with another. Unless each player balances their own Mars energy so that their team functions as a whole, that player will be unsuccessful. Similarly, in a team where one or several members play in ways that do not integrate with the rest, the team will be ineffective. I dwell on this metaphor because the effective functioning of the Mars-Chiron combination is very much like a team. Mars contributes the energy and, when properly balanced, Chiron contributes the teamwork.

As a result of all this, every transit of Mars to natal Chiron can indicate either a trauma — in which Mars’s Hot and Dry completely overwhelm Chiron’s integrating energy — or a process of healing, in which a moderated, tempered Mars contributes to an integrated whole, like the body of a well-trained athlete or the synergy of a smoothly functioning team.

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Transits to Midheaven

As a planetary power, Mars has much to do with supporting the expression of physical and psychological energy at all levels. Its energy helps individuals find themselves in the world, take on a role, and stand up against forces that may run counter to one’s being and intentions. At the personal level, its best manifestation is the pursuit of excellence in whatever way excellence may express itself in each person. The Midheaven, as part of the house system in a chart, is not an energy in the way Mars is. It is a place where energy is expressed and signifies the role an energy can play.

Given that difference, there is an affinity between them. The Midheaven signifies the form and structure of your role in society and the greater social order. As the ancients would have said, it signifies what you do in the largest and broadest sense. Modern astrologers tend to think of it as career and profession, but that is only because in the modern world career and profession are the principal ways we express our role in society. In the Middle Ages the Midheaven was more about social status, but that too is a role in society. To make the similarity clearer: in medieval and other hierarchical societies, status did not define class as we think of it now — peasant, middle class, clergy or nobility — so much as it determined what you did, your activity. A modern aristocrat descended from the medieval aristocracy is not at all the same thing as a medieval aristocrat. The medieval aristocrat was first, last and foremost a military figure. The modern aristocrat holds, if any, a ceremonial position and nothing more.

So the various combinations of Mars with the Midheaven by transit express the unfolding cycle of where and how you place your energies as you define your role in society as an individual, as a member of society and as part of a collective. It is very different from the Ascendant, which has more to do with appearance and how you are perceived. The Midheaven is about doing — and ultimately so is Mars. It is interesting that in medieval astrology the houses or places were counted according to the Chaldean order starting with Saturn as, to use the medieval term, co-significator of the first house. The pattern continued with Jupiter as co-significator of the second, Mars of the third, all the way to the seventh of which the Moon is co-significator. Then, starting again with Saturn as co-significator of the eighth, the same sequence gives Mars also as co-significator of the tenth — representing Mars as action.

As the cycle of Mars unfolds, with approximately two years between each conjunction of Mars to the Midheaven, the transits show the ways your allocation of energy assists or inhibits the expression of your social role. In a very real sense the two-year cycle of Mars with respect to the Midheaven is a bit more understandable if you think of it as beginning when Mars opposes the Midheaven and conjoins the I. C. While the logic of what is written for each Mars-Midheaven transit follows that pattern, the passages below start with Mars conjunct the natal Midheaven.

Transits to Ascendant

As Mars transits around your chart, starting with the conjunction (0°) to the Ascendant, you will go through a cycle of approximately two years of focusing your energy on each of the major domains of activity in your life. The Ascendant is often referred to as a “personal point.” And, of course, Mars’s energy frequently operates on a purely personal level. However, keep in mind that Mars is not at its best when it serves wholly personal and egoistic goals. As Mars moves around the chart, focus its energy on working for goals you believe in, performing tasks that serve those goals, and assisting those around you in doing the same. This will not always be easy, and sometimes, despite your best efforts, conflict will arise. Such conflicts fall into two categories. The first is conflicts that arise for egoistic reasons — either because of your actions and energy or those of others around you. The second arises when, even as you try to do the best for everyone, the egoistic energies of other people oppose you. In such a case, your task will be either to win those persons over (the more desirable outcome) or to neutralize the effects of their energies by whatever honorable means are available to you. Acting ruthlessly will not serve you in the long run, even in the “best” of causes. This is Mars’s central challenge: do the best you can, and do it well.

Transits to the Lunar Nodes

The two-year cycle of transiting Mars over the North and South Lunar Nodes and the North and South Bendings (the points square, or 90°, to the Nodes) is one in which you can take the initiative to create social networks around you that can serve your own interests and goals as well as those of others with whom you are involved. The combinations of Mars with the Lunar Nodes indicate the various stages in forming these networks. Therefore, it is particularly important in these periods to utilize Mars’s energy in a way that benefits everyone.